Abstract: Previous studies of galaxy formation have shown that only 10 per cent of the cosmic baryons are in stars and galaxies, while 90 per cent of them are missing. In this talk, I will present several observational studies that coherently find significant evidences of the missing baryons. The first measurement is the cross-correlation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect with gravitational lensing map and we detect the cross-correlation for 13 sigma with RCSLenS and Planck data. The second study is to stack the pairs of luminous red galaxies and subtract the halo contribution, which leads to the detection of gas within the cosmic filaments. The third one is the stacking of cosmic voids on the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect map which quantifies the warm baryons in the voids. These detections coherently brings a picture of how baryons distribute in the cosmic web. I will briefly describe how these studies can be improved with future CMB-S4 and LSST observation data.

Bio: Professor Yin-Zhe Ma obtained his Bachelor's degree in Physics from Nanjing University, a master's degree from the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (supervisor: Prof. Rong-Gen Cai), and a Ph.D. degree in Astronomy from the University of Cambridge (supervisor: Prof. George Efstathiou FRS). He conducted CITA National Fellowship at the University of British Columbia Canada and a research associate at the University of Manchester, and then moved to the University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa as a senior lecturer (2015) and then an associate professor (2018) and a full professor (2021).  In 2023, he moved to Stellenbosch University as a full professor and the founding head of astrophysics division in physics department. He chairs the NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre and the Chinese-South African Forum of Astronomy. He was also an adjunct professor at Purple Mountain Observatory and National Astronomical Observatory China during 2017-2021. His research focuses on observational and theoretical cosmology aimed at understanding the fundamental laws of the Universe and uncovering the nature of dark energy and dark matter. He is currently a core member of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Science Working group, the Planck science team, Hydrogen Epoch Reionization Array (HERA), and the CMB Stage-4 experiment and LSST (Vera C. Rubin Observatory). With the Planck science team, he was awarded the 2018 “Gruber Cosmology Prize” by the IAU. He has published over 120 papers, with total citations exceeding 26000, h-index 45. He was awarded the NSFC Oversea Scholar grant and several South Africa National Research Foundation grants. He was elected to the Academy of Science of South Africa in 2022.